NATIONAL
CALIFORNIA
VENTURA
category
mechanism
- An essential coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism by combining with adenosine triphosphate to form thiamine pyrophosphate.
indications
- Treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy.
contraindications
- No absolute contraindications.
dosing
IV, IM: 200 to 500 mg
administration
Administer by IM or IV injection. IV route is preferred.
onset
Rapid
duration
notes
- Wernicke encephalopathy: Wernicke encephalopathy is the presence of neurological symptoms caused by biochemical lesions of the central nervous system after exhaustion of B-vitamin reserves. In the US, this is most often seen in alcoholics with poor nutrition. Symptoms may include ophthalmoplegia (paralysis of the extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eye), ataxia (imbalance), confusion or other mental status change, impaired vision and hearing, fatigability, apathy, irritability, drowsiness, psycho and/or motor slowing, dysphagia, epilepsy, memory impairment, amnesia, depression, psychosis, hypothermia.
- Administer thiamine before carbohydrates: If thiamine and glucose or dextrose are both indicated, thiamine should be administered first to prevent precipitation of acute symptoms of thiamine deficiency when feasible. (Thiamine is required to metabolize carbohydrates.)
dosage form
IV Solution: 100 mg/mL (2 mL); 200 mg/2 mL (2 mL)
adverse reactions
- Central nervous system
- Flushing sensation
- Restlessness
- Dermatologic
- Diaphoresis
- Pruritus
- Urticaria
- Gastrointestinal
- Nausea
- Hematologic & oncologic
- Hemorrhage (into the gastrointestinal tract)
- Local
- Tenderness at injection site (following IM administration)
- Neuromuscular & skeletal
- Weakness
- Respiratory
- Cyanosis
- Pharyngeal edema
- Pulmonary edema
structure
