NATIONAL
CALIFORNIA
VENTURA
category
mechanism
- Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization
- Produces relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation
indications
- Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter for acute ventricular rate control
contraindications
- Sick sinus syndrome (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker)
- Second- or third-degree AV block (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker)
- Severe hypotension
- Administration with, or within a few hours of the administration of IV beta-blockers
dosing
IV: Bolus dose: 0.25 mg/kg over 2 minutes; if rate control is insufficient after 15 minutes, a repeat bolus dose of 0.35 mg/kg over 2 minutes may be given
administration
Bolus doses given over 2 minutes with continuous ECG and blood pressure monitoring. Response to bolus may require several minutes to reach maximum.
onset
IV: Bolus: 3 minutes
duration
IV: Bolus: 1 to 3 hours
notes
- Appropriate use: IV: Unless otherwise contraindicated, appropriate vagal maneuvers should be attempted prior to administration of IV diltiazem. Use with caution in patients hemodynamically compromised; continuously monitor ECG and blood pressure during administration
dosage form
Solution, Intravenous: 25 mg/5 mL (5 mL); 50 mg/10 mL (10 mL)
brand name
Cardizem
adverse reactions
- Conduction abnormalities
- May cause atrioventricular (AV) block or sinus bradycardia
- Cardiovascular
- Peripheral edema
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Maculopapular rash
structure
